Man has been exploiting water for irrigation. Since earlier period, necessary civilizations of the plant have developed on the premise of irrigation management. However here are heap of water wastage. Therefore, during this relevancy of conservation of water, we’ve planned a project using Arduino called Automatic Irrigation System that switches the pump motor ON/OFF on sensing the wetness of the soil. Plants reply to the relative lengths to lightweight and dark periods on the intensity and quality of sunshine. Artificial lightweight has been used extensively to regulate plant growth processes underneath varied conditions. Plants dissent within the want for lightweight, some thrive on sunshine, others grow in shade. An LDR could be a part that features a resistance that changes with the sunshine intensity that falls upon it. This permits them to be employed in lightweight sensing circuits. The sensing arrangement is created by exploitation to stiff metallic rods inserted into sector at a distance. Connections from the metallic rods or interfaced to the management unit.

This paper is a didactic project to teach the topic "Chemical bond and structure of substance – didactic aspects", that aims to help students understand the most important notions, laws and theories. In the process of mastering the material of the topic, skills should be improved for students to make inter-subject communications with physics and mathematics based on the application of knowledge about electrons, ions, and nucleus of an atom. Students should more often be given the opportunity to analyze the composition of substances and make conclusions about the nature of chemical bonds, compare the structure of atoms, simple and complex substances, establish a relationship with properties, and predict the type of crystal lattice based on the properties of substances, so they will be able to develop logical thinking skills. When studying the topic, ideas about the relationship of opposites, about the transition of quantitative changes to qualitative ones will be further developed. Having finished the lesson students must deepen their knowledge about ionic and covalent chemical bonds, establish differences between polar covalent bond and nonpolar covalent bond, recognize substances with different bond type, develop mobility of thought, modeling, generalization and abstracting ability, cultivate the analytical spirit and the power of synthesis, use chemical terminology while presenting information on chemical connection.

Block structured hexahedral meshing is required for many applications but remains unreachable in an automatic manner for realistic simulation models. In practice, true industrial cases are handled using complex and rich interactive software, and generating a block structure for a mechanical CAD part can require several days to weeks for an expert engineer. For many years now, several scientific works have demonstrated that 3D frame fields are a very powerful tool for hexahedral meshing. These works remain mainly theoretical and their application is limited to simple 3D models. In this paper, we propose to provide the necessary components to build an interactive tool using frame fields. The principle of the approach is to build a valid dual structure made of 3D dual sheets, which are aligned along a 3D frame field, and then to convert this dual structure into its primal hexahedral block structure.

Nine aphid species (Hemiptera: Aphididae), mainly found in the southeastern part of the country, were determined as new records for Serbia. They belong to three subfamilies: Aphis passeriniana (Del Guercio, 1900); A. podagrariae Schrank, 1801; A. salviae Walker, 1852; Brachyunguis tamaricis (Lichtenstein, 1885); Smiela fusca Mordvilko, 1948; Staticobium limonii Contarini, 1847 and Uroleucon pseudobscurum (Hille Ris Lambers, 1967) from the subfamily Aphidinae; Drepanosiphum oregonensis Granovsky, 1939 from the subfamily Drepanosiphinae and Pterocomma jacksoni Theobald, 1921 from the subfamily Pterocommatinae. With the inclusion of these nine records, a total of 383 aphids have been found so far in Serbia. This represents about 70% of the species of the total aphid fauna expected to be found on plants in Serbia. All species are of Palearctic distribution and seem to be monoecious. KEY WORDS: new monoecious species, Serbia, distribution

: The real‐time environmental surveillance of large areas requires the ability to dislocate sensor networks. Generally, the probability of the occurrence of a pollution event depends on the burden of possible sources operating in the areas to be monitored. This implies a challenge for devising optimal real‐time dislocation of wireless sensor networks. This challenge involves both hardware solutions and algorithms optimizing the displacements of mobile sensor networks in large areas with a vast number of sources of pollutant factors based mainly on diffusion mechanisms. In this paper, we present theoretical and simulated results inherent to a Voronoi partition approach for the optimized dislocation of a set of mobile wireless sensors with circular (radial) sensing power on large areas. The optimal deployment was found to be a variation of the generalized centroidal Voronoi configuration, where the Voronoi configuration is event‐ driven, and the centroid set of the corresponding generalized Voronoi cells changes as a function of the pollution event. The initial localization of the pollution events is simulated with a Poisson distribution. Our results could improve the possibility of reducing the costs for real‐time surveillance of large areas, and other environmental monitoring when wireless sensor networks are involved.

The Next Generation of mobile network 5G, which will be based on a high-speed wireless broadband connection, could bring important changes to the way individuals and businesses employ telecommunications services and solve the issues related to the explosive growth in demand for mobile traffic, and the profitability decreasing of the mobile Broadband market. Therefore, the OMNs (Operator Mobile Networks) should plan for deploying 5G mobile network beyond 2020, which is the expected year for launching 5G. A business analysis study and mathematic modelling approach was considered. Also, a new pricing model is proposed to be consistent with the growth of mobile broadband. The results show that 5G is very beneficial, not only because of its lower cost compared with 4G LTE, but also due to the increment of average data consumptions offered by 5G mobile technologies and the increasing growth of number of users. We also found that good analysis of Price Elasticity of Volume (PED) gives an important margin of benefit. We confirm that the reuse of existing sites have a large impact on reducing costs when a denser macro network deployed. However, we encountered a lack of the limited capacity related to the macro sites and coverage limited with small cell solutions like femtocells, picocells deployed with 5G millimeter Wave system and Wi-Fi. KEYWORDS 4G, 5G, Benefit, CAPEX, Cost, OMN, OPEX, Prediction, Techno-economic.

Computer graphics tools and techniques enable researchers to investigate cultural heritage and archaeological sites. They can facilitate documentation of realworld sites for further investigation, and enable archaeologists and historians to accurately study a past environment through simulations. This chapter explores how light plays a major role in examining computer-based representations of heritage. We discuss how light is both documented and modelled today using computer graphics techniques and tools. We also identify why both physical and historical accuracy in modelling light is becoming increasingly important to study the past, and how emerging technologies such as High Dynamic Range (HDR) imaging and physicallybased rendering is necessary to accurately represent heritage. Key words: Light, Illumination, Rendering, High Dynamic Range Imaging, Cultural Heritage.

This paper will emphasize the objective reality through a set of related given phenomena like the most famous Mandela effect and its relation with false memory, confabulation and parallel happenings of day to day world like the Déjà Vu and its mathematical structures which will solely focus on the “Parallel World” or the many world scenario as predicted by the String Theory in the form of Multiverse or Multiple Universe through the perspective of physical reality. The mathematical structure has been formed using Topology and Differential Calculus which will interprets the Physics and Philosophy of this type of Happenings. The possible outcome of these phenomena has been discussed thoroughly using logics & mathematics which will insight into a far more in-depth concept by taking us in exploring the 2-Time Dimensions [1] (Instead of 1) in this universe and the related outcome or consequences of this more than 1 Time Dimensions. Moreover, this paper aims to provide the repetition or Looping of Timelines in a 2D Minkowski lightcone with the help of induced mathematics (exponential wavefunctions) which results in the occurring of same event in a synchronic pattern as predicted by different fiction stories along with a desired property which will pave the way to prove that, ‘N” past timelines are connected with “N+1+1……” future timelines and it is the law of nature to select the appropriate future timelines related to the past timelines in which the past timelines will be attached to those future ones which have the least degrees of errors in the “exponential wavefunctions” introduced in this paper. After completing this, we will go to a further analysis of the ‘self inflicting timelines and the death loops, which has been a source of major Sci-Fi motion pictures and we will mathematically prove the minimal and the maximal amount of “time loops’ in our 4-Dimensional world. At the end we will explore about ‘the polynomial wavefunctions’ and how it’s used in teleporting one 3D object from one universe to another through hyperspace.

Motion control plays a vital role in industrial atomization. Application wise variety type of motors like DC, AC, stepper or servo are used. Because of easier control DC motors are very popular to the users, its application is oriented very useful for rotation and speed. As speed depends on voltage applied to the terminal, smoothly can be controlled down to zero and again accelerated opposite way without using power CKT and switching CKT. Hence, if voltage across motor terminal is varied, then speed can also be varied. One of the best controlling method for DC motor is armature voltage control method using PWM. Speed of the motors depends on the variation of the duty cycles. Direction control can be achieved by the same microcontroller using slight modifications in its programming language. Depending on the application speed range vary in DC motor. Analysis and design of any system in real time can be easily implemented by hardware technology also by smart software. A motor driver IC is interfaced to the microcontroller for receiving PWM signals and delivering desired output for speed control of a small DC motor. The combination provides smooth speed control in both clockwise as well as anticlockwise direction.

The main objective of this paper to propose the smart system of controlling the railway gate automatically to avoid the accident while crossing the railway gate as well as smart way of railway gate crossing using the mobile application. In this system we are using the Internet of Thing (IoT). IoT is a network of interconnected devices which are connected with sensors. For IoT device can communicate with no human interrupton. By implementing these, it will provide control of railway gate to the device which operates the railway gate. It reduces the time, gatekeeper carelessness for operating the gate close and open than the gatekeeper. So this system is useful for reduction of the accident at level crossing. In addition to this, one more additional feature is implemented for the driver’s convenience who can use for the level crossing. Here, driver needs to install the mobile application in their mobile by which they can check the railway gate is open or close. The Ultrasonic sensor detect the train is coming or not and with help of NodeMCU send to the Google Firebase and Firebase will send the same information to NodeMCU which is located at level crossing and close the gate with the help of Servo Motor, and when the train departure from the another side Ultrasonic Sensor it will again send data to Google Firebase and Firebase again give command to NodeMCU to open the gate which is located at level crossing. This is cost effective, real time and time saving automatic system.